THE MOON
October 22, 2009 | Posted by maneerat If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting!
Mars and Venus are therefore the only planets, besides the earth, on which we may look for life; and in the case of Venus, the possibility is very faint. But what about the moons which attend the planets? They range in size from the little ten-miles-wide moons of Mars, to Titan, a moon of Saturn, and Ganymede, a satellite of Jupiter, which are about 3,000 miles in diameter. May there not be life on some of the larger of these moons? We will take our own moon as a type of the class.
A Dead World
The moon is so very much nearer to us than any other heavenly body that we have a remarkable knowledge of it. In Fig. 14 you have a photograph, taken in one of our largest telescopes,[Pg 33] of part of its surface. In a sense such a telescope brings the moon to within about fifty miles of us. We should see a city like London as a dark, sprawling blotch on the globe. We could just detect a Zeppelin or a Diplodocus as a moving speck against the surface. But we find none of these things. It is true that a few astronomers believe that they see signs of some sort of feeble life or movement on the moon. Professor Pickering thinks that he can trace some volcanic activity. He believes that there are areas of vegetation, probably of a low order, and that the soil of the moon may retain a certain amount of water in it. He speaks of a very thin atmosphere, and of occasional light falls of snow. He has succeeded in persuading some careful observers that there probably are slight changes of some kind taking place on the moon.
FIG. 17.—A MAP OF THE CHIEF PLAINS AND CRATERS OF THE MOON
The plains were originally supposed to be seas: hence the name “Mare.”
Photo: Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
FIG. 19.—COMET, September 29, 1908
Notice the tendency to form a number of tails. (See photograph below.)
Photo: Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
FIG. 20.—COMET, October 3, 1908
The process has gone further and a number of distinct tails can now be counted.
But there are many things that point to absence of air on the moon. Even the photographs we reproduce tell the same story. The edges of the shadows are all hard and black. If there had been an appreciable atmosphere it would have scattered the sun’s light on to the edges and produced a gradual shading off such as we see on the earth. This relative absence of air must give rise to some surprising effects. There will be no sounds on the moon, because sounds are merely air waves. Even a meteor shattering itself to a violent end against the surface of the moon would make no noise. Nor would it herald its coming by glowing into a “shooting star,” as it would on entering the earth’s atmosphere. There will be no floating dust, no scent, no twilight, no blue sky, no twinkling of the stars. The sky will be always black and the stars will be clearly visible by day as by night. The sun’s wonderful corona, which no man on earth, even by seizing every opportunity during eclipses, can hope to see for more than two hours in all in a long lifetime, will be visible all day. So will the great red flames of the sun. Of course, there will be no life, and no landscape effects and scenery effects due to vegetation.
The moon takes approximately twenty-seven of our days to[Pg 34] turn once on its axis. So for fourteen days there is continuous night, when the temperature must sink away down towards the absolute cold of space. This will be followed without an instant of twilight by full daylight. For another fourteen days the sun’s rays will bear straight down, with no diffusion or absorption of their heat, or light, on the way. It does not follow, however, that the temperature of the moon’s surface must rise enormously. It may not even rise to the temperature of melting ice. Seeing there is no air there can be no check on radiation. The heat that the moon gets will radiate away immediately. We know that amongst the coldest places on the earth are the tops of very high mountains, the points that have reared themselves nearest to the sun but farthest out of the sheltering blanket of the earth’s atmosphere. The actual temperature of the moon’s surface by day is a moot point. It may be below the freezing-point or above the boiling-point of water.
Categories: THE OUTLINE OF SCIENCE | 
Tags: Astronomers, Blotch, Careful Observers, Comet, Craters Of The Moon, Diplodocus, Heavenly Body, Mars And Venus, Meteors, Moons Of Mars, Occasional Light, Pickering, Remarkable Knowledge, Royal Observatory Greenwich, Satellite Of Jupiter, September 29, Speck, Thin Atmosphere, Titan Moon, Volcanic Activity | 
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